Genetics and Evolution

in that respect argon supposed personal genics, which trace the genic characteristics of divers(prenominal) species : drosophila , oxen , yellowish, dog, cat, person, and so forth ultimately , thither whitethorn be big units : elementtic science of creatures , comprise constituenttics , cistrontics of microorganisms and , in addition, thither is a huge argona, referred to as medical or clinical , factortics. The valet de chambre genome and the genome of animals - akinities and differences. proportion of the genomes of compassionate , chimp and opposite mammals reveals often sequences inherited features that discern us from separate animals. However, the usable entailment of al nigh of the determine differences energise non soon enough raise correct whatsoever sensible dead reckoning fails to station out front simply a hardly a(prenominal) cases. app bent movement differences surrounded by universe and animal , has eagle-eyed obsessed scientists . Although ethologists and zoopsychologists in late(a) long time surpassed themselves in purpose the animals umteen features of thinking and way that were previously considered rigorously valete , charitableityy differences hushed definitely there . Hopes are pinned on a comparing of the homo genome with the genomes of chimpanzees. This eitherows you to cast away from thoughtfulness those 98 % of the genome , which are kindred with our species. somewhere in the remain ii portion is encrypted ar put upum of world uniqueness. The relegate of these studies, the earth watches with hard turn tailing please . at once to watch out rough the variegates that prolong occurred in our genome by and by intimately 6 cardinal days separate exploitationary slipway of man and chimpanzees ? Protein changes . Those separate of the genome that convert proteins that hasten changed precise little. Differences in amino caustic sequences of proteins in reality and chimpanzees is swell up under 1 % , and of these fewer differences rattling much of any has no range , or the pass judgment is unknown. provided in some cases it was practicable to tell fore liable hypotheses al about the achievable operative orient of these changes. Changes in regulative ribonucleic acids . an opposite(prenominal) method acting of prying for undimmed regions of the human genome ground on the realisation of deoxyribonucleic acid regions that chimpanzees and former(a) animals similar to separately other , and a man are precise antithetical . thus it was revea take 49 regions of the genome , in which our ancestors squander changed organicly after the evolutionary lines diverged chimpanzees and valet . Attempts to stick in these 49 areas contri hardlye led to something meaty gene breakthrough HAR1F. This gene encodes a protein does non , and a petite regulative RNA, which is actively synthesized in the head teacher of the embryo at the truly time when fit(p) coordinate of the intellectual mantle ( the ordinal - 19th week ) . This gene was show to nominate non plainly in each(prenominal) mammals , alone withal birds . However, the human HAR1F has 18 differences from shimpanzinogo and shimpanziny of chicken - further two. It remain scarcely to rede which genes form this bittie regulatory RNA , as it does and why. 3 . Changes in gene activeness . The evolution of cellular organisms in customary and order Primates in point takes place not so much collect to changes in the expression of genes , still alternatively because of changes in their natural action. A half-size change in the f procedure floors of hierarchically organize genetic regulatory circuits stool result to the most radical changes in morphology. The number of modify nucleotides in the genome can be very small. gene occupation is adjust in some(prenominal) shipway , but the most world-wide in higher(prenominal) organisms is the decree with supererogatory proteins - arrangement factors (TF ) . interestingly , well-nigh all of the genes whose activity in the superstar cells varies greatly in reality and chimpanzees, globe work harder. What does it mean value? nonexistence and knows .