History of Barter System

deal form Barter system is an age-old rule that was adopted by slew to substitution their function and goods. This system was utilise for centuries, before the aim of funds. slew utilize to exchange the goods or services for other goods or services in return. Nowadays, traffic services has ordered a comeback with the advent of more sophisticated techniques that aid trading through the Internet. During ancient times, barter system was a local phenomenon, which abstruse populate in the same locality. However, today barter system has induce global.You put up now negotiate with the opposite party, regarding the value of the position you trust to barter and vice versa. The advantage of bartering is that it does not involve money. You can demoralize an item in exchange for virtually other thing you accepted . The barter system was one of the earliest forms of trading. History of barter system It facilitated exchange of goods and services, as money was not invented in those times. The history of bartering can be traced back to 6000 BC. It is believed that barter system was introduced by the tribes of Mesopotamia.This system was accordingly adopted by the Phoenicians, who bartered their goods to people in other cities located crosswise the oceans. An improved system of bartering was developed in Babylonia too. People used to exchange their goods for weapons, tea, spices, and food items. Sometimes, even human skulls were used for barter. Another popular item used for exchange was salt. Salt was so valuable at that time, that the payment of Roman soldiers was paid in salt. The main drawback of this system was that there was no standard criteria to determine the value of goods and services, and this resulted in disputes and clashes.These problems were sorted out with the invention of money, but the barter system continued to exist in some form or another. The Europeans started traveling across the globe during the Middle Ages and used barter servi ces to trade their goods like furs and crafts to the East, in exchange of perfumes and silks. People of colonial America did not have enough money for business, which was mainly based on barter services. Most of their business consisted of wheat, skins of male cervid (bucks), musket balls, etc. They were withal experts in exchanging services.If members of one family agreed to help their neighbors in harvesting their crops, the latter would help the former in their task, like cover their building. The history of barter system can also be joined to the initial years of Oxford and Harvard Universities, where students used to pay their fees as food items, firewood or livestock. Barter services became popular during the Great Depression in the 1930s, which witnessed a scarcity of money. The barter system was used as a elbow room of obtaining things like food and other services.The trading was done between people or through groups, who acted as agents and facilitated third party bart ering. These groups were like banks, where people maintained their accounts. In case of sale of any of the items, the account of the owner would be credited and the account of the buyer would be debited. It is worth mentioning that Adolf Hitler also used barter system to collect money for funding the war. He was engaged in barter trading with Greece, Sweden and Russia. Post World contend II, the people of Germany too resorted to bartering, as the German currency had lost its value.Barter system has been in use throughout the world for centuries. The invention of money did not result in the end of bartering services. Sometimes, monetary crises fueled the revivification of the barter system, and the current recession has once again set a stage for its comeback. Even though money is there for trading and for business, barter system still exists and has become more strong and organized. ly have, but dont want. This typecast of trading can be done through swap markets and online auct ions.

Do Schools Kill Creativity Essay

When we were children increase up our imaginations run wild. As we would play on the playground, building friendships, and adjudicate problems that show us things in a different way. Even though ever soybody talents argon pushed away otherwises believe that the public education governing body is wrong. I was told to summarize the video on Do Schools bulge out Creativity by Sir Ken Robinson. As he talks in the video I do agree with some of the ideas.In the video Do Schools massacre Creativity by Sir Ken Robinson, he mentions how the public education system are crushing the childrens talents. He also mentions how classes are macrocosm cut much(prenominal) as drama and music. Due to those classes, are non that important, such as your typical math and English classes. Having creativity in are education system helps are children expire who they are as an adult.I agree that math and English classes are to a greater extent important, plainly when I dont agree we should just cu t everything else out. ar children need to be able to express themselves in other activities. non all children are the best in school, just now giving them the other activities will help them let steam off, keep them active and savour going to school. Not all talents are being famous in something, but people are talented in their major subjects such as English, math, history, etc.As Robinson states in the video that a unproblematic college degree is not worth much anymore. Jobs are wanting futurity and current employees to go back to a university to transmit a high degree such as university philosophers. Jobs are wanting to hit how far-off employees will go into school. Before the 1900s we barely had an education system, but our whole system has been dictating since the system has adapted. Our education is unpredictable on what toexpect.I agree that our education is not worth as much exchangeable it practiced to be when, it had just begun. Having more education is pushin g us to reach a higher goal. It may come upon longer, but its serving us to become a better person for the future. It also wide-awake us for what is to come. Things are changing more and more every month it never stays the same. Look at this example Pluto use to be a planet now Pluto is just to the highest degree a star. How do you explain this?In the talk Do Schools Kill Creativity Robinson says if your never wrong you will never come up with anything original, if your not prepared to be wrong. (Robinson, 2007) Our kids now are even more exquisite then when we were kids, we use to tell our kids not to draw and to go to school to learn. Now we are telling them to push harder to achieve their goals and get an education.I do agree our kids are being pushed harder, but its display how creative they can be. In the end this is going to help them become something. Telling kids that youre going to take out drama and music, is only going to make them stop trying. Our kids should be pu shed more now than ever with the harder curriculum in the public schools. Also letting the kids have more creativity in certain classes like drama and music, which may be where the children show most of their creativity and talents. These kids have so much argument for what their learning and making of themselves.As Sir Ken Robinson has made a split of great points on creativity, education, and children talents, our education level is higher than it has ever been. I do believe our education is more important when dealing with affection classes such as math and English, but you shouldnt punish the kids and take out their time to be creative and show their talent. So what if these kids are pushed a little harder in the education system they may see who they will become in the future. Are education system is dictating the fellowship of the students and are wrong for taking the creative classes out of the schools.ReferencesRobinson Sir, Ken Do Schools Kill Creativity (Jan. 6, 2007) Retrieved July 15, 2014 http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG9CE55wbtY

Of Morality and Spirituality Essay

The moral sacred Philippines started from a dream, and now that it addresss to get on with it can be one good evidence that as wide as someone believes in an idea, it can be thinkable. As abundant as its aim is for the goodness of the citizens, it can be a reality. This pattern does not want to create a world of perfection just rather a world of morality and spiritualty. That world is where we can distinctly distinguish the right ones from the bad. It is where we can not all think rough ourselves precisely as swell as the community, the government, and the nation.This dream can all be possible if we just go and believe that the land where we stand can be a better habitat of earth. From Genesis 127, God created mankind in His own image. This verse proves that each of us is spiritual at heart. We just keep back to go and find the path through our hearts. We ar created in His likeness which gives us the realization that all living things have something good in the insid e. If we believe, make something to make this work, the moral sacred Philippines forget make sense. A. WRITING AS A SOCIAL ACT The resultant connects with how writing can be a social act.In the utter event, one does not only think about himself but also for the people around him. As for writing, a writer does not only write for him or for him to understand but also for his exacters and audience. You write alone, but you always write for others. Readers matter. Once a writer sets his or her thoughts to whatsoever medium, whether paper, blog, status update, there is the potential for audience interaction. Ideas and creativity are created outside ourselves. Writers can never be more creative without the experiences and thoughts the people have. They continue to interact with people. Writing is a social act.Writers choose to see the bang and brilliance of the world around them. Writing is nonentity without the world and judgement that surrounds them. B. WRITING AS A MORAL ACT Mo rality and spirituality is what the event focuses on. As for writing, writers do not only write everything that flows from their thinking, he must be careful. Something that anyone who writes words of any kind would do well to remember. Words have their moral consequences. The responsibility is particularly great for writers who underwrite with spiritual issues. Every word they write leaves its mark upon their soul and upon the souls of those who read their work.Their words whitethorn become sacraments, visible signs of an invisible grace, or they may turn to poison and ashes. It may signify the abyss or nothing at all. Writers must strive against mediocrity in ones work, aiming always higher for lucidity of thought and beauty of expression with quench being careful with the words they use. Every piece they make has an military unit in this world. They are part of our moral conversation as a society. They weigh in. The creation of literature worthy not only its high artistic cal ling but of his stature as a creature created in the image and likeness of God.

Police and SWAT Teams

swat stands for Special Weapons and Tactics, and is an extremely definitive branch of honor Enforcement that is primarily intentional for subduing heavily armed criminals and saving the lives of troopsy. hit is take down considered the to a bullyer extent or little(prenominal) important think all over in the righteousness Enforcement branch, and for convincing primings. Some find the smell that hit groups ar intimidating to the public do to their military-styled tactics and working(a) procedures. However, it is these frightening tactics that save lives and eliminate life- little terrorening criminal threats.These old geezerhood there ar extremely waste criminals, heavily armed gangs, capital drug cartels, and the public needs capable units for safeguard. It is hits job to come in when the situation is considered stunned of regular practice of law incum band abilities. These situations include hostage rescue, spirited risk search warrants and anti terro rism. Is swat real necessary? The attend is an outrageous YES, swat is a indispensableness Couldnt constabulary officers take cargon of the situations that we throw off swat for? The answer is an incredible NO the regular jurisprudence force does non swallow what it takes to fulfill hit duties.With the threat of terrorism on the rise and the wise technology this century has brought about, the role of SWAT groups has expanded, and their importance has never been greater. law of nature officers are not enough when it comes down to the safety of USA citizens, and SWAT police squads are needed to take care of the deadly criminals and re thrash high risk situations that at present may present in the quickest and intimately effective way possible. Without SWAT, it would be comparable appalling 1, 1966 all over again, a tragic incident that showed the need for a special team designed for high risk situations.SWAT is homophileifestly a need to keep all Ameri pile citizen s from being victims of dangerous criminals. Without SWAT, our defense against offence would front primarily on the regular the police force, and as The Texas quantify Tower Shooting showed, that is not enough. On august 1, 1966, a man named Charles Joseph Whitman randomly killed over a 12 people and wounded other 30 or more(prenominal) from the top of the University of Texas clock tower in Austin in infra 90 min with his high power rifle.The police force was so uncoordinated for a situation like this, that redden though they got there within flecks, they were unable to stop the violent disorder of the Texas Tower Sniper for over 90 minutes. It is stock-still said that there was a large amount of luck involved in stopping him when they did. August 1 was the birth date of SWAT because it was on that day that justness Enforcement realized that they needed special plans for these types of situations.Though the police officers involved were un uncertainnessedly performing t o the best of their abilities, they did not chip in the type of tactical facts of life or special weapons needed to quick suppress this type of violent abuse. This devastating massacre opened the eyes of the States, and put a stead light on how truly vulnerable the e reallyday person really was. No 1 could feel safe if something didnt change, for as Charles Whitman showed, make up an honor student could create such a tragic scene.It was hence that Chiefs of police decided that they needed to waste teams of officers with equipment and training to carry out special plans for these types of incidents. In this day, 2010, our country would be devastated by deadly crime sprees without SWAT teams. If unitary man could create such havoc in 1966 with a hunting rifle, imagine what would happen in this day and age with the in the altogether technology and groups of organized crime such as terrorists. patrol officers do not set about forth the training to deal with dangerous hosta ge situations.Nor do police officers have the capacity to eliminate terrorist threats, or smother heavily armed criminals. SWAT teams are a necessity for the protection of innocent American citizens. nonpareil main reason why police officers are insufficient for carrying out SWAT duties is their training and abilities. SWAT officers are trained specifically to work as a team, usually consisting of quad officers, to carry out their duties in the fastest way possible, with the absolute most organization in whatever given situation, and to do so with the very minimum number of casualties attainable. Team members have to gel and work together as a cohesive unit and this is accomplished by training, training, and more training(http//ezinearticles. com/? The-Swat-Team&id=646368). Swat Training or Tests include a scripted exam, fitness test, firearms test, review board, and psychological evaluation. The fitness test consists of maximum patio press rep, maximum leg press rep, most pu shups acquired within angiotensin-converting enzyme minute with perfect form, maximum sit-ups reached within a one minute time period, a timed 1. 5 mile run, 300 gram sprint, and 150 lb dummy exercises are the bare minimum.Some teams have more difficult fitness training or tests that can even involve swimming. The firearms test consists of target acquisition drills, rapid fire sequences drills, snap smack on the move drills, and mechanical knowledge of weapon operation testing. limited review board is an exercise or test to see if the individual has the ability to think on their feet and gain insight into their suitability for assignment. A great amount of information may be gained from a candidate including personality type, the amount of preparation they put into testing, their ability to work as founder of a team, and their level of commitment.Some interviews may likewise require the candidate make a presentation on a SWAT-related topic (http//www. specialoperations. com/ domestic help/SWAT/swattraining. html). Special Weapons and Tactics teams are on call every hour of every day, even when considered off transaction. SWAT duties are all of high risk, requiring SWAT officers to be a person that is not flustered easily, and with a very high level of maturity. Whats great about SWAT officers is that they are often also police officers as swell up. Police officers that fit the criteria are trained to be SWAT officers.When a situation needing the SWAT profession is presented, thus the officers of the Special Weapons and Tactics team are called upon. This means that not only do you have a SWAT team, barely you get well trained officers on duty until their SWAT duties call. SWAT duties include, but are not limited to, Sniper Situations, barred Suspects, Hostage Situations, Dignitary Protection, Civil Disturbance, Search & Arrest Warrants, Armed Suspect, Narcotics Raids, anti Terrorism (http//www. hollywoodpolice. org/special_units/swatteam. tm). It is plain to see, that SWAT teams are not around for tell traffic or calming domestic disputes, but only serious and deadly conditions that involve high stress and need to be eliminated as quickly and safely as possible. However, training to be a police officer is much different than training to be a SWAT officer, as is their duties. Policemen arent tested nearly as much for fleshly ability, how well they can think on their feet or problem solve fast and efficiently, or even how well they can shoot.Police officers are trained to perform or take care of situations that most potential include, conducting patrol duties on foot and by car and bicycle, responding to calls and requests from the public to assist, domestic disputes, fires and public disorder, attending road-related incidents including collision scenes, vehicle check points and traffic offences, delivering demolition and hospital messages to families, conducting initial investigations, gathering evidence, taking statements , interviewing suspects and victims as well as witnesses, searching individuals or personal property like vehicles, and conducting arrests (http//www. rospects. ac. uk/p/types_of_job/police_officer_job_description. jsp). If one was to look, one would find that police officers are not qualified for even the very basic SWAT situation. Police training just simply doesnt prepare officers to carry out SWAT duties proficiently, if even at all. Simply put, police officers are around to keep the peace and ob go serious situations from breaking out. In general, policemen are here to, protect and serve (http//ezinearticles. com/? Duties-of-a-Police- ships officer&id=1835924).What if the peace is already gone, and can no longer be kept? What happens when protecting and serving isnt enough, for the people of America are already in harms way? That is the core reason for the universe of discourse of SWAT teams all around the United States. When the serious situations find shipway around the d efense of the police force and present themselves, it is then that SWAT, Law Enforcements best defense, is called upon by the people of America for protection. Another reason why SWAT teams are needed, and police officers alone are not enough, is this day and age we live in.In 1966, just one man was able to raise havoc with just an arsenal of, three rifles, a sawed-off shotgun, two handguns, hundreds of rounds of ammunition, a five gallon container of water, some sandwiches, and a can of gasoline(Captain Robert L. Snow, pp. 1-7). The police force could not stop one man originally he randomly killed over a dozen innocent people passing by the University on a splendid summer day, and wound close to forty victims enjoying the sun. There is no doubt in my mind that if police officers were not enough then, they are not enough now.It is especially critical that we dont just depend on the police force now as we did back then do to the refreshful technology. If the events of august 1st 1 966 were to reoccur in the present with our new resources and improved arsenal, but no SWAT team, the outcome would be devastating. believe the number of casualties if a man went on a rampage immediately as happened on august 1st, but instead was equipped with round down rifles, sniper rifles, explosives, and even deadly chemical threats like anthrax. For example, a weapon under development called the Metal Storm fires an excess of one million rounds per minute.One burst of over a thousand bullets is fired so quickly that it fathoms as if one bullet was shot. It is said that, A computerized fire nurse system precisely get winds the firing signal to each round in the bbl. As there is no need to mechanically reload the barrel after each round is fired, Metal Storm has complete control over the timing and rate of fire. As a result, the weapon can be used to deliver a single(a) round or dozens of rounds instantaneously at the target. (http//www. metalstorm. com/content/view/64/ 109/). forth from that, there are even such things as automatic pistols today such as the Ingram M11 that can fire 1200 rounds per minute. This new technology allows a frenzy of over one million bullets to be hurled at a target. The fastest firearms of the 1960s were automatic fill out rifles like the AK-47. These automatic assault rifles fired close to six hundred rounds a minute, which doesnt even come close to competing with the rate of fire of newly discovered weapons. With an unstructured and badly prepared police force, people may keep anxious(p) until the criminal runs out of ammunition and materials, and that is not expectable.With a SWAT team however, America can breathe a bit easier for legion(predicate) reasons. SWAT teams are trained specifically to prevent these certain tragedies, and they too have an adequate arsenal. The basic SWAT team is equipped with, the Heckler & Koch 9mm MP5 Submachine Gun, the Colt . 45, Glock . 40-. 45, or the Smith & Wesson . 40-. 45, CS gas, flash bangs, tear gas, Tactical vests, and sometimes helmets(http//fcswat. tripod. com/faq. htm). This equipment is also why SWAT is called upon, as shown in this following situation that could have turned very bad if not for SWAT. Officers said they heard the sound of ammunition eing chambered in a shotgun (or racked), according to CPD Sgt. full Weiner. Officers backed off, set up a perimeter and called in SWAT. SWAT arrived at the complex shortly after 1230 p. m. Medics already were on the scene. Police blocked off the apartment complex no one could enter or exit the complex. Residents also were evacuated from their apartments during the standoff. SWAT shot tear gas into the apartment and arrested the suspect without further incident before 3 p. m. (http//www2. nbc4i. com/cmh/news/crime/article/cpd_swat_responds_to_apartment_complex/32010/).I can range with confidence, that had there been SWAT teams available on august 1st, 1966, Charles Whitman would have been stop at lea st twice as quick, maybe even prevented. Finally, we must(prenominal) have SWAT teams to deal the increase in terrorist activities. SWAT teams have not been called on for many terrorist activities yet, for there havent been many terrorist attacks on United States soil. SWAT training for Terrorist attacks is mostly a plan, but a very important plan. In already having an organized and thought process out plan, SWAT will be prepared to protect America if terrorists do attempt anything in the United States of America.As SWAT Officer Lt. Andrew Esposito says, The threat of an international terrorist attack against our country is not to be interpreted lightly by law enforcement professionals and also states As professional police officers we are all aware of the threat. The training is out there to result information and resources on how to deal with terrorism, whether it is domestic or foreign. (http//www. infowars. com/swat-officer-says-posse-comitatus-makes-u-s-vulnerable-to-terror/ ). Thanks to SWAT teams, we have a defense if terrorists attacks start to break out in our nation due to the training and existence of a plan.Before SWAT teams, there wasnt even a plan, or a single idea of what to do in case of a terrorist attack. Terrorism isnt taken lightly, especially since 911, which is why courses have been provided. From October 2008 to October 2009, Security Solutions International (SSI) conducted 12 SWAT Counter Terrorism courses around the country with hosting agencies. The courses have been taught on the East Coast, on the West Coast and in the Midwest, with a count of 48 LE agencies. (http//www. thecounterterroristmag. com/pdf/CTMAG. DecJan09. SWAT. Trai ningReview. ores. pdf). Thats the most important thing, a well organized plan, with officers trained and capable of carrying the plan out. In brief, 2010 brings a new threat to the safety of anyone and everyone in the United States of America. The Law Enforcement we currently have is of utmost certainly a necessity to protect Americans from any threats. The 21st century brings new technology to the desperate hands of deadly criminals, and gives these Law breakers the opportunity to pose much more of a threat than they ever could in 1966 or anytime before now.Improved automatic rifles bring unlawful citizens the ability to hurl monumental amounts of bullets into crowds of people in less than half the time. Improved technology in bal swayics and scopes allows criminals to post up with high powered sniper rifles and carelessly pluck off innocent victim after victim from a mile away with deadly accuracy. in the raw and easier ways of manufacturing more powerful explosives have made it easier for murderers to demolish integral buildings full of people, a massacre of grate loss in less than 10 seconds.Toxic chemical threats, an invisible airborne killer, could be released in densely populated areas, killing all exposed to it with no mercy. Organizations bent on burning down America co uld strike at any opportune moment, and it would take more than police officers to save our friends and family from their ruthless attacks. The list is a sad one, and it could keep going, but it doesnt need to. every one of those scenarios is creditable of being able to take lives, and to save those lives is more than just a worthy reason to have SWAT teams in full swing. It is the purpose of SWATs existence.

Team Ground Rules and Guidelines

What are the general expectations for all members of the team?Sarah Dowling- It is our goal as a team to tame collaboratively to ensure all members thoughts, ideas, and input are shared, discussed, considered, and incorporated into the learning team assignments and projects. It is peoples duty to be accountable for his or her individualist dole out of the project and to strive to do their personal best.As a conference we go out seek out opportunities at heart each others strengths to improve our quality of work and take to heart those team members who may struggle to do so. In the event variety occurs between cohorts in regards to any one idea, including but not special to substance, quality, or metreline of work submitted, team members will vote to decide if the individual/ idea will continue to work with the group or project. to each one member must be committed to the teams academic achievement and success.Expectations for Time Management and Involvement (Participation , communication with the team, accessibility, etc.)Sarah Dowling- Our team will hap frequently via e-mail and phone, as well as to begin with and after class. Team members agree to attend all meetings inwhichever system possible. All persons must complete their portion of the agreed upon work in a timely manner that shall be determined by the group as a whole.Ensuring Fair and Even Contribution and Collaboration What outline will you use to ensure that all team members are contribute and collaborating appropriately? Describe the communication strategy you will use if a team member is not contributing and collaborating effectively.How will the team exercise conflicts between team members?Sarah Dowling- Team members will arrive on time to meetings and agree to share input and progress with his or her individual portion of teamwork. An absent team member accepts the decision of the team regarding credit points preserve in the team log. It is each members responsibility to commu nicate to the team their honest availability, knowledge, and capability of completing the group assignments. Strategies to resolve woeful work quality include additional tutoring and workshops to be completed by individuals as needed to ensure high academic achievement as the goal of the group.Special Considerations What do you, as a team, agree will solve this team experience different from past team experiences?Sarah Dowling- By effectively communicating amongst each other and sharing ideas the team will be successful. A commitment to a timeline and a dedication to producing quality work will ensure that all team projects are executed with a high academic standard.

Values vs Ethics in Counselling Homosexual in Africa

VALUES VERSUS ETHICS IN COUNSELLING HOMOSEXUAL DONE BY SOUD TENGAH BA COUNSELLING MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY DATE NOVEMBER 2010 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS table of contents Page Introduction 3 Definitions 3 Origin of Homo get offuality 4 Stages of Homo shake upuality 7 Counselling Homo evokeual 8 ending 11 Bibliography 13 2 INTRODUCTION Homo hinge uponuality is an issue that has often been ambitious to guidances mainly collectible to lack of in depth in course of actionation on the issues or in-person score that majority of therapist deem in a heartfelt way to themselves.Although steering services has been r wind upered to this cluster of people there atomic number 18 arrive of issues which still emerge as a conflict to nearly counsellors. pump of this prove is strive to find answers for counsellors who struggle in counselling homo due to their existing values versus counselling ethics. In addition this strive attempt to unravel some of definitions on sex activity origin of q ueerness and stages of jovialness. The essay allow in like manner give a personal shutting on counselling transvestite in relation to individual values.DEFINITIONS versed Orientation consort to the American Psychological Association, (2008) sexual orientation is tolerate and also refers to a persons sense of personal and social identity on those attractions, behaviours expressing them, and membership in a comm social unity of other(a)s who sh are them. There are three main classification of sexual orientation homophile heterosexual and sissified. Homosexuality An attraction to and involvement with members of matchlesss experience sex, comm scarcely including sexual relations (Feltham & Dryden, 2004) Gay generally refers to antheral homosexuality, and lesbian refers save(prenominal) to female homosexuality (Sanders & Kroll, 2000).Heterosexual Is an enduring pattern of or angle of dip to experience sexual, affection, physical or romantic attractions primarily to pe rsons of the opposite sex (American Psychological Association, 2008). informal orientation which one(a) is attracted to involved with members of the opposite sex (Feltham & Dryden, 2004). 3 Bisexuality Bisexuality is sexual attitude and behaviour which is incomplete exclusively heterosexual nor exclusively homosexual. (Feltham & Dryden, 2004) Asexual People who fill a distinct but non exclusive preference for one sex everyplace the other whitethorn also identify themselves as cissy. Bogaert, 2006) Homophobia harmonise to Sanders and Kroll (2000) is an irrational fear, intolerance, or hatred of gay men and lesbians. Heterosexism Is defined as a imprint in the inherent superiority of one form of loving (male with female) all over all others and thereby the right to cultural ascendency (Sanders & Kroll, 2000). ORIGIN OF HOMOSEXUALITY An indisputable and universal fact ab expose sympathy is that every-one owes their existence to the union among their father and mother. Th is forms the basis for the family, the social unit of society. nevertheless, homosexual behaviour also has been kn profess to be pre direct in some societies by with(predicate)out history in varying degrees of prevalence. According to Hubbard, (1993) over the past thirty years or so, such homosexuality behaviour has become increasingly mainstream and open. Varying theories that view been proposed to explain the genesis of homosexuality. However, this essay let alone focus on brief description of four theories in order to demonstrate the different angles from which the topic has been tackled.Psychoanalysis conjecture According to Freud (1953) believed that all humans were born bisexual in nature, and from this state, as a result of restriction in one direction or the other, both heterosexuality and homosexuality developed. He also made the distinction betwixt two types of homosexual (or invert) those who are like women, judgeing masculine men, and others who seek feminine qua lities in their partners. Some individuals may 4 display preponderantly one type of inversion or the other, whereas others might display a plastered amount of both types of inversion. Different causal factors were therefore guess for the two.Freud realised that the aetiology of homosexuality was complex, and suspected that the choice amidst innate and acquired is not an exclusive one, or . . . it does not cover all the issues involved (Freud ,1953) In his t distributivelying Freud, (1953) claimed that all homosexual men hire unresolved pre-oedipal conflicts, that is, they did not successfully negotiate the separation-individuation phase of early childishness. In this way, early childhood stress leads to obligatory, exclusive homosexuality, whereas stress in the later oedipal phase leads to partial, non-obligatory homosexuality.In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association decided to drop homosexuality (per se) from the symptomatic nomenclature. It should be noted that Freud hims elf had maintained that it is not scientifically feasible to seize on a line of demarcation between what is psychically normal or abnormal so that the distinction, in spite of its practical importance, possesses only a conventional value. (Frediani, 2000) Many of the case studies described have looked for specific aspects in an individuals environment during development which can lead to adult homosexuality.Such reports have commonly found one or more of the following factors to be unusual in some respect in the childhood of homosexuals agnatic hopes before birth for a child of the other sex difficulties at birth slight anatomical variances between selfsame(a) match preeminent to a special attachment of one child or the other to their mother parental attitude toward the role of the individual child, disclosed through the naming of the child the position of the father in the family strength of the descent between father and child competition for the affections of the mother a nd, a fit reaction or mutual dependence between twins, especially noticeable in similar pairs (Frediani, 2000) Genetic theory According to Kallmann (1952), reported a one hundred percent concordance in identical twins for homosexuality, and only twelve percent concordance in fraternal twins (identical twins result from a fertilised egg splitting in half and each half continues to grow as an embryo.Thus, the identical twins have an identical genetic code. Fraternal twins do not have identical genetic codes as each twin arises from different fertilised eggs). Subsequent studies have failed to repeat Kallmans findings. Kallman later 5 himself postulated that this impressive concordance was an artefact due to the fact his sample was largely drawn from mentally ill, institutionalized patients (Kallaman, 1952). In summary, it is difficult to reach conclusions from twin studies print to date. Most studies have a small sample size and/or contain technical flaws in hit the books design a nd methodology. Some studies suggest a genetic basis, small-arm others do not.As Byne and Parsons (1993) what is intriguing in twin studies that have been published is the large proportion of identical twins that are discordant for homosexuality despite sharing not only their genes but also their antepartum and familial environments. Hormonal Studies There is also a popular belief that sexual preference is find oneselfd by hormone levels. Ellis and Ames (1987) have proposed gestational neurohormonal theory of human sexual orientation, which spreads with the genesis of heterosexuality as good as homosexuality. They propose that sexual orientation is primarily determined by the degree to which the nervous system is exposed to testosterone, estradiol, and to certain other sex hormones while neuro-organization is taking place, predominantly between the middle of the second and the end of the fifth month of gestation.According to this theory, complex combinations of genetic, hormonal , neurological, and environmental factors operating foregoing to birth largely determine what an individuals (adult) sexual orientation will be. This theory exploits numerous testable predictions, e. g. that homosexuality should primarily be a male phenomenon, that homosexuals should have high uper frequencies of other sexual inversions than heterosexuals, that relationships between parents and homosexual offspring may be strained and/or assume some cross-sex characteristics, and that homosexuality should invent a significant degree of heritability (as hormone production and action is under significant genetic control). Such predictions seem to agree with previous interrogation and general intuitions regarding homosexuality.Support for the gestational neurohormonal theory includes a recent larn (LeVay, 1991) which reported a difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men, although Ellis and Ames warn that several decades of intense, further res earch may be required to adequately test the theory. 6 Neuro-anatomic Studies In 1991, a report was published claiming that an area of the hypothalamus known as INAH3 is smaller in homosexual men and heterosexual women (LeVay, 1991). The report received immense media coverage. The study was conducted on brain tissues from cadavers Included were nineteen homosexuals, cardinalteen presumed heterosexual men, and six presumed heterosexual women. A number of factors make interpretation of the study difficult. familiar histories were inadequate and a significant proportion of the subjects were presumed to have a certain orientation.All of the homosexuals died of AIDS, while only six of the presumed heterosexual men free radical died of AIDS. One can propose a hypothesis that the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) could affect brain tissue including the hypothalamus, and since reduced testosterone (a male hormone) has been documented to fleet in patients with AIDS, this may be one of the mechanisms. Certain medications like antifungal administered for the underwritement of transmittals can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, but inadequate medical information is supplied in the study. Heterosexuals with AIDS often receive inferior medical shell out than homosexuals with AIDS as they more often are intra-venous drug users.This may also affect the results of the study, as the heterosexuals with AIDS may have had a different disease course and died at an early stage of infection (Byne and Parsons, 1993). Moreover, the area of the hypothalamus in question was larger in some of the homosexuals than in galore(postnominal) of the heterosexuals, and smaller in some of the heterosexuals than many of the homosexuals. Hence, one cannot determine someones sexual preferences by flavor at his/her hypothalamus (Hubbard and Wald 1993). The claim that homosexuality is a biologically predetermined characteristic, and homosexuals are born that way stands on tenuous gen etic, hormonal and neuroanatomic try.A consistent and reproducible biologic difference has yet to be demonstrated (Demeter et al, 1988) STAGES OF HOMOSEXUALITY Stages of Homosexuality For counsellor who sexuality is an issue, understanding stages of homosexuality is even more important. Cass (1979) lists six stages that many homosexuals go through when dealing with their own sexual orientation. The basic model that Cass has proposed includes 7 ? Identity Confusion In this stage, individuals begin to wonder if they may be homosexual. They may consider the possibility, or reject it. If they choose to consider the possibility, they will move to the second stage. ? Identity Comparison Here, individuals may begin looking at others and comparing themselves to homosexuals and non homosexuals in the surrounding environment. At this point, individuals may make contact with another homosexual person. ?Identity Tolerance Individuals are suitable increasingly committed to the homosexual id entity and may seek out more and more homosexual contacts. The self-image is still one of merely tolerating the homosexuality, instead than embracing it. ? Identity Acceptance At this point, a more authoritative view of homosexuality begins to develop. Individuals may timber they fit into the homosexual society. However, they will generally attempt to pass for heterosexual, and self-disclocertain(p) will be limited. ? Identity pluck Individuals in this stage characteristically feel a great deal of pride rough their homosexuality. They will identify potently with other homosexuals and feel anger at the way society serves homosexuals as a whole.They are often very conspicuous in their sexuality. ? Identity Synthesis Finally, the lure of positive non homosexuals helps individuals become cognizant that all heterosexuals are not bad. At this point, they may feel settled in to their identity, neither ashamed of it nor needing to winkle it. (Cass, 1984). COUNSELLING HOMOSEXUAL Ethical and Value Issues It will be a suicidal to this essay, to focus on ethics versus values in counselling a homosexual and not focus on religion. From a historical perspective, religion has been in existence as retentive as civilization. For many centuries, it was underlying to the function of society, in day to day, as well as political life.Religion invokes a feeling of respect of some function greater than yourself, which is central in guiding your life. Sample the two largest religion globally, Christianity and Islam on the beliefs they hold on homosexual (Harvey, 2000). Christianity believes Leviticus. 1822, You shall not lie with a male as one lies with a female it is an abomination. 8 1 Leviticus. 2013, If there is a man who lies with a male as those who lie with a woman, both of them have committed a damnable act they shall surely be put to death. Their blood guiltiness is upon them 1 Corinthians. 69-10, Or do you not know that the unrighteous shall not inherit th e kingdom of God?Do not be deceived neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, shall inherit the kingdom of God. While the Islamic faith believes We also sent Lut He said to his people Do ye commit lewdness such as no people in creation (ever) committed before you? For ye practice session your lusts on men in preference to women ye are indeed a people transgressing beyond bounds. Quran 780-81 What Of all creatures do ye come unto the males, and leave the wives your Lord created for you? Nay, but ye are forward folk. Quran 26165 The seer (saws) saidMay Allah curse him who does that Lots people did. (Ibn Hibban, authentic) Religious and cultural beliefs, for many represent deeply held convictions about choice and approaches to life that go beyond simple preferences. These beliefs reflect value sets that are at the core of ones being, and the fear that the high er authority is key to determining how a persons life turns out, it is also cause for concern in doing anything against the principles dictated by the set of beliefs that a person is following. Being brought up in a Muslim family background, where Islamic teachings and values are practiced, and modelled in the teachings that carry over weight to secular institutions, I have found it difficult for me to downplay the teaching of Islamic religion on homosexuality.I wonder, am I to be valueless as counsellors at the same time try to empower invitees to develop and practice values of their choice as retentive as there is no harm to self or others? For long I have been struggling to counsel a client who accept to homosexual as his sexual orientation. Am also not sure for how long will I be referring clients who are homosexual or is it ethical right to keep on refer homosexual on the basis of conflicting with my values? 9 Working with lesbian and gay men often presents a challenge to c ounsellors who hold traditional values. as yet counsellors who accept same-sex relationships intellectually may reject them emotionally. Counsellors who have negative reactions to homosexual are more plausibly to impose their own values (Buhrke & Douce 1991).However the ethical codes of American Counselling Association(ACA), American Psychological Association (APA)and topic Association of Social Workers(NASW) clearly states that discrimination on the basis of nonage status-be it race, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation is unethical and acceptable (Buhrke & Douce 1991) While am still pondering in my role as a counsellor, actively attempt to understand the origin of homosexuality, stages in involves and diverse cultural backgrounds of the clients I serve. Of course, counsellors can, and should, seek to understand all forms of diversity. However, there is a difference between understanding and agreeing with something or someone. If counsellors convictions leave them disagreei ng with the basic beliefs of their clients to the point where being alterative is in question, then should they annul these relationships? To disregard ones sacred influences would be demonstrating a lack of self respect the very thing counsellors try to help clients maintain and build upon? Am also question whether a given counsellor should counsel any and every client? I tend to believe we all have biases.Sometimes a personal bias, religious or otherwise, would prevent a counsellor from providing the high quality, immaterial service that fully respects the client and the clients right to selfdetermination. In my opinion to demand that counsellors always be neutral regardless of their biases and convictions is to demand superhuman abilities. According to Hermann and Herlihy (2006) justice involves awareness of counsellors own values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours and avoid deluxe values that are inconsistent with the counselling goals. It is also noted in the ACA codes that another way for counsellors to both avoid imposing values and to respect client diversity is to make appropriate referrals if necessary.The codification addresses this by stating that if counsellors determine an inability to be of professional assistance to clients, they avoid entering or continuing professional relationships (ACA, 2005, A. 11. b). If counsellors discover conflicts in values that are likely to cause harm to clients or hinder their sanative effectiveness, then they should terminate the counselling relationship when it becomes 10 reasonably observable that the client no longer needs assistance, is not likely to benefit, or is being harmed by continued counselling (ACA, 2005, A. 11. c). In reference to ACA (2005) philanthropy is the primary responsibility of counsellors to respect the dignity and to promote the welfare of clients.Nonmaleficence kernel avoiding doing harm, which includes refraining from actions that risk hurting clients, either intentionally or unintentionally. While self-reliance entails acknowledging the right of another to choose and act in accordance with his or her wishes and the professional behaves in a way that enables this right of another person. contempt the codes emphasis on, counsellors awareness of the intimacy responsibilities inherent in the counselling relationship, maintain respect for clients, and avoid actions that seek to meet their personal needs at the expense of clients. However one will only respect the dignity and promote the welfare f clients when we are aware of our own limitations not when we eliminate our own values. What is truly important is that we treat everyone with respect and understanding, even those with whom we may not agree. That is the spirit behind the Code. However, to treat with respect by counselling clients with whom our values conflict would increase the likeliness of our doing harm. Yet, Hermann and Herlihy cite Remley and Herlihy (2005) when stating that if a counsellor s values were so strong that he or she could not counsel clients with differing beliefs, we would be concerned that the counsellor is not well-suited for the counselling profession.However such generalization is likely to scare many counsellors including myself from the profession who could otherwise be competent with many populations rather than forcing them to suppress their religious beliefs lest they be accused of being judgmental. Conclusion In writing this essay I studied both schools of model in-depth, on the origin of homosexuality and religious values that some counsellors subscribe to and I firmly conclude that, there is no clear evidence yet as to origin of homosexuality. While I am not neglecting existing theories, I feel the main concern as a practising counsellor would to focus on self awareness and respect to others without losing his own identity or values. 11 Finally, in my research for this essay I tend to agree with the following recommendations by Feltham & Hort on, (2000) for counsellors unable to compromise their sacredly based moral values.Training workshops, which include didactic presentation about lesbian, gay and bisexual psychology including the various models of coming out personal therapy and self awareness work to explore some of the histories in some depth, with therapists who have themselves done the required work supervision with lesbian, gay and bisexual therapist on client work. Spending time with lesbian, gay and bisexual people at work and in recreation Personal contacts through genuine friendships have been demonstrated to be powerful ways of ever-changing opinions and behaviours. (Although this could certainly be understood as replacing one set of values with another) 12 Reference ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? American Psychological Association. http//www. apa. org/topics/sorientation. htmlwhatis. Retrieved 2008-08-12 Bogaert, Anthony F. (2006) Toward abstract understanding of asexuality. Review of General Psychology 10 (3) 241250. Byne, W. and Parsons, B. (1993) Human Sexual Orientation.The Biologic Theories Reappraised, Arch Gen Psychiatry, vol 50, March 1993. pp 228-239. C, Feltham. and I, Horton. (2000) Handbook of Counselling and Psychotherapy. London sagacious C, Feltham. and W, Dryden. (2004) Dictionary of Counselling, (2nd Ed). London Whurr Publishers Cass, V. (1979) Homosexual identity formation. A theoretical model. ledger of Homosexuality, 4 (3), 219-235. Cass, V. (1984) Homosexual identity formation. Testing a theoretical model. journal of Homosexuality, 20 (2), 143-167. Demeter 5, Ringo J. and Doty R. (1988) Morohometric Analysis of the Human Corpus Collosum and the Anterior Commissure. Human Neurobiology 1988. 6219-226 Ellis, L. and Ames, M. A. 1987) Neurohormonal Functioning and Sexual Orientation A Theory of Homosexuality good faith Psychol Bull. 1987101233-258 Frediani, J. A. (2000). Sexuality and our faith A companion to our whole lives for adults. capital of Massachusetts Unitarian Universalist Association. Freud, S. (1953). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. London Hogarth foreshorten Freud, S. (1962). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. New York Basic Books Harvey, Graham. (2000) Indigenous Religions A Companion. (Ed Graham Harvey). London and New York Cassell. Hermann, M. A. , & Herlihy, B. R. (2006) Legal and ethical implications of refusing to counsel homosexual clients. Journal of Counselling & Development, 84, 414-418.Hubbard, R. Wald, E. (1993) Exploding the Gene Myth. Boston. Beacon Press Kallmann, F. (1952) Comparative equalise Study on the Genetic Aspects of Male Homosexuality J Nerv Ment Dis. 1952. cxv283-298. 13 ? ? ? LeVay, S. (1991) A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure amongst Heterosexual and Homosexual Men Science 19912531034-1037 Robin, A. Buhrke. and Louise, A. Douce. (1991) Training Issues for Counseling Psychologists in Working with Lesbian Women and Gay Men. London Sage Sanders, G. L. &Kroll, I. T. (2000) Genera ting stories of resilience dowry gay and lesbian youth and their families. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 26, 433-442. 14

Pinnacle Manufacturing Case

Original Work please INTEGRATED causal agent APPLICATION PINNACLE MANUFACTURING PART II 9-37 (Objectives 9-7, 9-8) In Part I of the case, you performed preliminary analytical procedures for spinning top (pp. 245247). The purpose of Part II is to let out factors influencing put on the lines and the relationship of lucks to canvas evidence. During the planning phase of the audit, you met with surmounts focal point team up and performed other planning activities. You encounter the following situations that you believe whitethorn be relevant to the audit 1.Your firm has an employee who reads and saves articles about issues that may affect see clients. You read an article in the file titled, EPA Regulations Encouraging Solar-Powered Engines Postponed? later reading the article, you realize that the regulations heed is relying upon to sum up sales of this division cogency not go into effect for at least ten familys. A second article is titled, Stick to Diesel Pinnacle The article claims that although Pinnacle has proven itself within the diesel engine industry, they lack the knowledge and quite a little necessary to perform well in the solar-powered engine industry. . You ask management for a tour of the Solar-Electro facilities. While touring the w atomic number 18house, you notice a section of solar-powered engines that do not look like the ones advertised on Pinnacles Web site. You ask the w behouse manager when those items were prototypic manufactured. He responds by telling you, Im not sure. Ive been here a family and they were here when I first arrived 3. You also observe that newly(a) computerized manufacturing equipment has been inst every(prenominal)ed at Solar-Electro. The machines bring on been stamped with the words, Product of Welburn Manufacturing, Detroit, Michigan. 4. During a meeting with the facilities director, you learn that the get along with of directors has decided to plagiarize a significant touchstone of debt to fi nance the whirl of a new manufacturing plant for the Solar-Electro division. The ships society also plans to make a considerable enthronisation in modifications to the property on which the plant allow for be built. 5. While standing in line at a vending machine, you see a Pinnacle vice president eroding a golf shirt with the words Todd-Machinery You be familiar with the comp some(prenominal) and noticed some of its repairmen nominateing in the plant earlier.You tell the man you like the shirt and he responds by saying, Thank you. My wife and I accept the guild, but we hire people to manage it. 6. by and bywards question of the internal audit team, you realize there is significant swage in the internal audit section. You conclude the turnover is only pre move at the extravagantlyer-level positions. 7. While reviewing Pinnacles long-term debt agreements, you identify several(prenominal) repressive covenants. Two requirements are to keep the current ratio above 2. 0 and debt-to-equity below 1. 0 at all times. 8.While reading the footnotes of the previous years financial statements, you note that one customer, Auto-Electro, accounts for nearly 15% of the companys accounts receivable balance. You investigate this receivable and learn it has been outstanding for several months. 9. The involvement partner from your certified public accountant firm called today notifying you that Brian Sioux, an industry medical specialist and senior tax manager from the firms Ontario office, exit be coming on-site to Pinnacles facilities to investigate an ongoing argufy between the ingrained Revenue Service and Pinnacle. 0. A member of your CPA firm, who is currently on-site in Detroit at the Welburn division, calls you to see how everything is going bandage you are visiting Solar-Electro in Texas. During your conversation, he asks if you know anything about the recent intercompany loan from Welburn to Solar-Electro. 11. During discussions with the Pinnacle reignler, you learn that Pinnacle employees did a significant amount of the construction work for a building addition.The tick offler stated that the work was carefully coordinated with the construction company responsible for the addition. Required a. account specific esteems from move I and II of the case that affect your assessments of engagement attempt and welcome audit risk. Use severally of the three factors in the text to categorize your conclusions External users reliance on financial statements likeliness of financial difficulties Management integrity As the Independent Auditor I would require from Pinnacle, the client a Management Representation Letter.This is a garner an tender is required to generate from management at the conclusion of expansework, confirmatory representations explicitly or implicitly given to the auditor, indicating and documenting the continuing becharmness of such representations, and reducing the possibility of misunderstanding rega rding the representations. b. Assess acceptable audit risk as high, medium, or low considering the items you identified in requirement a. (A dubious client result be assessed as a low acceptable audit risk. I will identify the audit risk as high. c. Identify organic risks for the audit of Pinnacle using the t separately(prenominal)ing from Parts I and II. For each inherent risk, identify the account or accounts that may be affected. (1)Related Parties A reporting entitys affiliates, principal owners, and management also, any members of their immediate families. Points of consideration is a Pinnacle VP owning Todd-Machinery, its repair men work at Pinnacle at the time the auditor was at field work, while standing in front of vending machine. 2) While reviewing Pinnacles long-term debt agreements, there were several restrictive covenants. Two requirements are to keep the current ratio above 2. 0 and debt-to-equity below 1. 0 at all times. This is an item of consideration of pos sibilities for Pinnacle to cook the books so as to keep in compliance with covenant. (3) There is a high turnover of employees. After inquiry of the internal audit team, you realize there is significant turnover in the internal audit division. You conclude the turnover is only present at the higher-level positions. 4) While reading the footnotes of the previous years financial statements, you note that one customer, Auto-Electro, accounts for nearly 15% of the companys accounts receivable balance. This receivable and learn it has been outstanding for several months. This is an inherent risk of being a connect party transaction wherein goods could be sold to Auto-Electro, a related party, but Pinnacle has not current collection of receivables because this is just to make the financial statements look good as having the sale.Revenue and Inventory accounts are affected. (5)There is an ongoing dispute between Pinnacle and Internal Revenue Service. 10-43 (Objective 10-5) In Parts I a nd II of this case, you performed preliminary analytical procedures and assessed acceptable audit risk and inherent risk for Pinnacle Manufacturing. Your team has been assigned the responsibility of auditing the acquisition and recompense cycle and one related balance sheet account, accounts payable.The general approach to be taken will be to reduce assessed control risk to a low level, if possible, for the dickens main suits of transactions affecting accounts payable acquisitions and cash disbursements. The following are furnished as background education A summary of trace information from the audit of the acquisition and payment cycle and accounts payable in the prior year, which was extracted from the previous audit firms audit files (Figure 10-12) A flowchart description of the report system and internal controls for the acquisition and payment cycle (Figure 10-13,p. 34)the flowchart shows that although each of the companys three divisions has its own receiving subdivisi on, the purchasing and accounts payable functions are centralized The purpose of Part trio is to obtain an understanding of internal control and assess control risk for Pinnacle Manufacturings acquisition and cash disbursement transactions. Required a. acquaint yourself with the internal control system for acquisitions and cash disbursements by studying the information in Figure 10-12 and Figure 10-13. FIGURE 10-12 Information for Audit of Accounts payable Previous Year . Prepare a control risk intercellular substance for acquisitions and a better one for cash disbursements using Figure 10-5 on page 308 as a guide. A formatted control risk hyaloplasm is provided on the textbook Web site. The objectives should be specific transaction-related audit objectives for acquisitions for the first matrix and cash disbursements for the second matrix. See pages 608612 in Chapter 18 for transaction-related audit objectives for acquisitions and cash disbursements. In doing Part III, the fol lowing steps are recommended (1) Controls a.Identify key controls for acquisitions and for cash disbursements. After you decide on the key controls, include each control in one of the two matrices. b. Include a C in the matrix in each column for the objective(s) to which each control applies. Several of the controls should satisfy multiple objectives. (2) Deficiencies a. Identify key deficiencies for acquisitions and for cash disbursements. After you decide on the deficiencies, include each significant deficiency or material failing in the bottom portion of one of the two matrices. AnswerDuring a meeting with the facilities director, you learn that the board of directors has decided to raise a significant amount of debt to finance the construction of a new manufacturing plant for the Solar-Electro division. The company also plans to make a considerable investment in modifications to the property on which the plant will be built. Auditing manifestation and Disclosure. a. Completene ss The auditor should ensure that all required disclosures related to accounts payable and corrupts have been included in the notes to the financial statements. Required disclosures include 1.Payables by type (trade, officer/ employee, affiliates) and term (short-term and long-term) 2. Purchase contracts and procure commitments. 3. Related party corrupts and payables 4. Expenses by segment b. Valuation, Allocation and Accuracy The auditor should read the footnotes and other information related to accounts payable and purchases to determine whether the information is accurate and presented at the appropriate amounts. c. Rights and Obligations and Occurrence The auditor should compare disclosures to other audit eveidence to ensure that all disclosed information related to accounts payable and purchases has occurred. . Understandability and Classification The auditor should read all accounts payable and purchase related disclosures to ensure that they are understandable. The auditor should determine whether material long-term payables or non-trade payables require separate disclosure. b. Include a D in the matrix in each column for the objective(s) to which each significant deficiency or material weakness applies. (3) Assess control risk as high, medium, or low for each objective using your opera hat judgment. Do this for both the acquisitions and cash disbursements matrices.Control risk is to be assessed as high therefore as auditor, I would increase my risk sampling. Expenditure Cycle A. Internal Control- Purchases The following functions in a purchase transaction should be segregated 1. Purchase Requisition The purchase requisition starts the purchasing cycle. The section in need of the asset or services sends a properly approved, serially numbered requisition to the purchasing department. The requisitioning department should not have the authority to actually place the purchase night club. This would depict a weakness in internal control. 2. Purchase O rdersThe purchasing department should place the assure only after giving proper consideration to the time to order and the quantity to order. The purchasing department should also obtain competitive bids from various suppliers to make sure that the best price is obtained. The purchase order is issued only after proper approval. For internal control purposes, it is best that pre-numbered purchase orders can be used. There should be multiple copies that will be sent to (i) the requisitioning department (ii) the vendor (iii) the receiving department and (iv) the accounting department.If the purchase order is canceled, all copies should be recalled and filed so that every purchase order number is accounted for. 3. Receipt of Goods or Services The simulate of the purchase order sent to the receiving department serves as an authorization to accept the goods when they arrive. It is preferable that the copy not indicate the quantity arranged. Thus, the receiving department is forced to c ount the goods upon arrival. A receiving report is prepared by this department and forwarded to the accounting department. The goods are forwarded to the requisitioning department .B. Internal Control Accounts Payable The accounting department has three functions (i) to book the payable, (ii) to approve the greenback for payment and (iii) to record the payment after it is nonrecreational by the Treasurer. 1. Recording the Payable The copy of the purchase order sent to the accounting department notifies them that there will be a approaching cash disbursement. The receiving report is compared with the purchase order and the vendors invoice as to the quantity to prevent payment of charges for goods in excess of those ordered and received.The accounting department records the goods as received in inventory, and records a payable. 2. favourable reception Invoice for Payment and Recording Payment When the invoice arrives, the accounting department approves it by matching the invoice , purchase order, receiving report, and (sometimes) the requisition. When payment is made, the payable is reversed. The accounting department should ensure that the invoice amount is correct, and that it accurately reflects any purchase discounts, onwards approving it for payment. C. Internal Control Cash DisbursementsIt is best for internal control purposes to pay invoices by check. For effective internal control, the functions of approving the payment and sign the checks should be segregated. Approved voucher packets (matched invoice, purchase order, receiving report, and requisition) prepared by the accounting department (Accounts Payable) are received by the Treasurer, who prepares, signs, and mails the checks and cancels all supporting documents after payment. Paid vouchers are returned to the accounting department for posting of the payment and register of the documents.

Pop Culture Essay

Throughout, history partular finis has been a common f workor in everyday life. The identity of popular grow is c whole forn through and through many elements of art. It was derived from artifacts and styles of human expressions developed from the creativity of ordinary people, and move on among people according to their interests, preferences, and tastes. For example, music, fashion, people, stereotypes, and social religious rites all play a habit in the development of what is known today as pop grow society.These elements have shape society to behave and think a genuine way, all in which are seen to have a more minus impact to the public rather than promote positive influences. Moreover, we will assay three main elements of popular culture that affect the American culture on a day to day basis. Stereotypes, social rituals, and arts are all elements of popular culture that have been adopted and appeals to large sight of people, normally the middle class citizens . Thus, popular culture comes from people it is non just given to them.This perspective tears away at distinctions typically made between producers and consumers of cultural material. According to Webster stereotypes are oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment. For example, people develop conceptions about certain groups of people because of what we see on television and use these generalizations in everyday life, such as Gender and where the media portrays ones masculinity and femininity 2. Stereotypes can be seen with real or imaginary people or objects.For example, real icons such as high-priced cars can be portrayed as a person existence wealthy with luxury. Imaginary icons are things such as Bat mobiles or spaceships that are seen as a warp speeding icon expressing in truly magical ways- faster than light travel, to demonstrate power beyond discovery 3. Other real or imaginary stereotypes are heroes. For instances, Martin Luther business leader Jr. is a known for leading many Americans to freedom from bondage and racism. On the hand, Superman is an imaginary hero that saves the world from danger.These stereotypes have do Americas beliefs to be establish on judgments of their own opinions as opposed to the truth. Social Rituals consist of highly patterned symbolic events in which we all participate as a way of marking principal(prenominal) passages in our individual lives or in society as a whole 4. For example, holidays such as Christmas which is only celebrated by some(a) who believe in decorating and exchanging gifts for the birth of Jesus Christ. However, separates prefer not to rent in certain holidays or activities. Moreover, rituals integrate with heroes and icons that are built from a base structure of hierarchy.For example, voting is a common social ritual that plays a significant role in many Americans life. After voting, many constituency wear clothing to symbolize their heroic ride or support for the candidate they endorsed. Art is one the largest lives of pop culture with a vast and diverse amount of subdivisions. Art includes magazines, movies, television, recordings, comedian books and others. Art cor contacts with all forms of pop culture and its affects with society. For example, books discuss heroes, icons, stereotypes, people, myth, beliefs and values.All of these elements interact with one some other and result in moving to another room that leads to other possibly subcategories. Thus, arts are group together based upon shared characteristics which are known to both popular artist and the audience. take off Culture is a trend that many learn about through film, media, music, people, fashion and others. These trends can sometime have a negative heart and soul on the way society may behave or act to certain situations. For instances, many people use stereotypes to judge others or relate their lives to those individuals.In addition, others use heroes whether they are real or imaginary to equalise and contrast their way of living. On the other hand, there are other elements of pop culture that make up these special trends. For example, social rituals is another element that allows people to express themselves based on their belief, things such as holidays, voting, and weddings. Lastly, Art is the element of diversity it relates to all subcategories of pop culture, within these categories all elements interact and form other elements.

Cultural Diversity Presentation Essay

This presentation that I pass on be dis repairing is to constitute the schools, p bents and teachers the importance of English language learners and to encourage all p atomic number 18nts to get mixed and be part of the school culture activities. The involvement is important in assistanting students in the schools. to a fault these courses and affiliations to include families, parents are to set the support and reboot the level of their participation, whereas students progress their attainment, way of thinking, and manners.Seeing as parent pickings part is so signifi mintt, the presentation symbolizes a way to aid parents and to drive more effective member in their kidrens education, as well up as maintaining their educational accomplishment, and support them to take the most thorough educational programs offered by their schools they go to. The three activities in which I will be displaying is based on the belief that actual parental participation schooling must present families theatrical roleful guidance to brace their cods skill.Throughout these presentations, families will happen upon the choices and openings obtainable to students from all social factors and heathen throngs and realistic approaches to persuade and encourage their kids as they take on the challenge school classes in elementary, middle or public gamey school. Goals The major(ip) aims of the parents participation and training are to 1. Improve teachers reason of ideas to better intersect ethnic interaction with families 2. Improve familys concord on the advantages of parental participation in their kids education.3. break family with data round cultural diversity and the vital importance of their kids involvement in such program as this 4. prepare available to families certain ideas to assist their kids to sign up in cultural programs. Diversity and Cultural Contact Communication Discovering and understanding more virtually each other and our students as associates of an exclusive cultural and verbal race is an essential idea of raising the value of interaction among educators, classmates, parents, and schools.Families who are not customary with the United States instructive academic procedure are confronted with tautological disputes in their specific school participation. For example, families who were raised in different nations dexterity act in a way steady with the means they were proposed to make out in the lands where they were raised. In various nations/ethnicity, families are not likely to infix in the school cultivation activities other than assist with research and go to irregular celebrations.The American school method believes that families will take or so function for their kids achievement in proper learning by fitting energetically drawn in with the school and assisting their kids. The luck is that families will be occupied not only with the obligation of readying but in like manner with particular assignments and ot her linked interest. In some(prenominal) nations the chore of the families and the task of the school are harshly outline and separated. skinny relative have an important obligation to implant manner and right-hand(a) conduct in their kids. It is the schools task to implant educational understanding.Teachers may be alleged as possessing not only the accountability but also including the right to make all instructive choices adjacent their learners. In adding together, numerous linguistically and settler families are not busy of their human rights and the variant function that they can have in their induce school structures. Once the parents of migrant youths have no comprehension of the learning procedure, they might sense that they are leaving behind their kids to the big, unfamiliar orbiter that their kids now fit in to, other than families do not. They might deflect out to be puzzled, alarmed, and irritated.These arguments can generate a meaning of ache and stress. Sc hools can assist parents in the course of shifting into the United States classifiable ethnicity by making them sense that they are wanted and worthy. While parents circumnavigate how they can maintain their kids schooling and once schools discover the means to lecture to and integrate these parents cultural offerings, every person gains. act 1 The participations of families Aim natural process one Recommend families with information about the encouraging influence of parental participation. Estimated time involves One hour and a halfSupplies indicant Marker and lily-white board Topic total one When families get concerned in their kids schooling. Your scoop course of action Warm-up natural process number one (15 minutes) previous to opening the activity make clear the specific grounds of this gathering. and so have every single close relative present him or herself and speak for a moment about his or her point of views of the value of teaching in their kids lives. cranial orbit out a sufficient Group Activity use a (15 minute). For a forgetful time explaining the vital stages of family participation and the way in which they can encouragingly influence their kids schooling.Group Activity number one (30 minutes) Include close relatives to play a fiber in the next task. Split the close relatives into little aggroups of four. Request the families to consider the way in which they can alleviate their children to run better in school. Persuade them to give examples of ideas they presently use to help their kids. Include the group to take a public official and a host. Include every single group to list their own mortal ideas on the white board. Make certain that the families believe and feel knowing with these functions.But if required, you or a school spokesperson may pauperism to assist them to proofread and offer their strategies. Group Activity number deuce (30 minutes) To track the action, asking families to go in return to their previous r ole and place their ideas in conditions of their usefulness. Which of these ideas has been generally most victorious? Include the group to rephrase the ideas in class society. When this activity is finished, include dissimilar groups to fraction their ideas. It is essential to allow the families to present their own individual grades. There are no right or incorrect answers.If families talk in dissimilar languages, attempt to have families who converse the identical language in the coordinated group to permit them to talk in their natural language if they desire. Also adding on, it is vital to have translators to assist affiliates of the group converse with one other if various affiliates of the group are not English skilled. Activity 2 Make a Change in your Kids bearing Aim Activity deuce To give emphasis on the expertness that parental might have in their kids educational lives when they get included. Estimated time involves One hour and a halfSupplies Indicator Marker and W hite board Your best course of action Carry a Full Group Activity Give a (15 minute). To say it out loud or you might have one of the close relatives read it to the group. Group Activity number one (30 minutes) Make it come-at-able to facilitate a conversation between families. Offer and help to facilitate conversation on the inquiry like having you encountered similar related set? What would you do or say? What was the response of your act? Write squander familys answers on the white board. Group Activity number two (30 minutes) Split the group into little bunches.Request every single group to talk about the following inquiry (A) what type of input or means of the school should you require to turn into a good hotshot for your kid? Have the group write down their strategies on a single sheet of paper. Then share those thoughts with the whole group. Evaluating the answers to the inquiries (15 minutes) Closing the comments (15 minutes) The instructor will momentarily outline the ideas and the data presented to him or her from the groups and persuade the families to use the offerings and ideas to make certain that their assistance to their kids will be successful.Activity 3 Encouraging Your Kids School Accomplishment Aim Activity three The aim of Activity three is to offer families truthful aims and actions that will allow them to support their kids to start setting up for university at a young age. Estimated time involves One hour Supplies Indicator Marker and White board Your best course of action Carry a Full Group Activity Give a (30 minute). To explain the importance and demands of a university and the difficult activities they may encounter. How to gain college credits in the period time there are in high school.What type of classes will assist them to be successful at a university and finish a stratum? What guidance counselor they should speak to about wreakshops, financial aid schedule for students. Educators need to also explain to the paren ts about the amount time and work that their kids have to do and how they are being graded. Introductory Activity Give a (30 minute). Welcoming an ex-former successful student to a meeting classroom to share his or her progress experiences in the university with present students which are also helpful.Expending families supportive and assistance is also very vital to students accomplishment. unitedly the parents and students ought to study about the significance of get ready for a university small-arm in high school and the necessity of a college learning to accomplish a profitable career. Conclusion Educators need to present families with necessary educational material on hand to support functioning school meetings and high educational prospects. We need to increase parent participation and expectations that way they can really and openly influence the progress of a stressed student.These classes are offered to parents as an important offering tool which is at their access. Educa tors need to add the information, instruction guidelines and at home tactics. Families also need to work with their kids at home at a suitable time. If mutually families and educators play their task in this affiliation, they can develop a beneficial relationship where the child obtains the gains. This activity, which provides a cultural diverse program which can be apply as a method of interaction between families and educator.The presentation provided as well the information and methods to families to allow them to become more concerned in their kids schooling. The presentation will determine the changes in families treatment and insight of the activity establish on study and discussion. Reference Syrja,R. C. (2011). How to reach and teach English Language Learners Practical Strategies to ensure success. San Francisco,CA Jossey-Bass. Increasing scholar Achievement by Increasing parent Involvement By Dr. Cynthia fusilier handler of Curriculum New Brighton area School District h ttp//www. slideshare.net/NBASD/parent-involvement-presentation Graves, S. L. (2007). Influences on preservice teachers beliefs about family involvement and cultural diversity An exploration of mentoring relationships. (Order No. 3393768, The dada State University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 233-n/a. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/304840371? accountid=32521. (304840371). Sturz, D. L. , & Kleiner, B. H. (2005). Effective management of cultural diversity in a classroom setting. Equal Opportunities International, 24(5), 57-64. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/199537956? accountid=32521

My college essay Essay

Your GPA, class rank, SATI and SATII scores atomic number 18 all definitive to a college admissions officer in helping to assess your academic abilities. yet they are only numbers they puzzle no personality. What bay window take a leak your diligence standpoint apart are the personal stresss. The college essay leave alone allow an admissions officer to look beyond those numbers and hold you as a person. A well-written essay should convey your thoughts, attitudes, personal qualities, imagination, sense of mental capacity and creativity. It will round out the rest of your application and help you stand out from other appli raftts.In the end, it is one of the only parts of your application over which you have complete control, so it is important to take the season to do your best work. WRITING THE ESSAY To write a college essay, expend the same three-step process that you would use to write an essay for class off qualify prewrite, then draft, and finally, edit. Taking th e time for this process will help you to pick out a focus for your essay and gather expand youll need to suffer it. Prewriting To start, you need to organize potential ideas for the main points of your essay.Since the purpose of the essay is to care more about you with the admissions dean, begin with YOU. Brainstorm for a few minutes, devising a list of your strengths and outstanding characteristics. Focus on your strengths of personality, not your accomplishments (i. e. , you are responsible, not an Eagle Scout committed, not a three-year starter for the basketball game team). Your accomplishments are important, but more appropriate for the activities section of the application. recrudesce your strengths by doing a little research about yourself.Ask friends, parents and teachers what they see as your strengths. Create an outline, listing several pieces of evidence from your life next to each of the strengths that you have discovered to prove your point. Look for patterns an d connections in the training that you have brainstormed. Group similar ideas and events to containher in logical systemal ship canal (i. e. , was basketball more about the sport or about the friendships? Does your indignation for numbers show itself in your performance in the state maths competition and your summer mull at the computer store?drawing Getting started is often the hardest part of essay writing. Use the information that you have learned about yourself in the prewriting phase to jump-start the process. While drafting, your job is to further organize this information into a typical essay with an introduction, the torso of the essay, and conclusion. The introduction gives your establisher an idea of the essays contents and can be short when you need to be concise. Often a realistic sentence is sufficient, such as My favorite science project was a complete failure. The body presents the evidence that supports your main idea. Use narration and details about the incid ent to show rather than tell. The conclusion can be brief as well, with a few wellselected sentences that tie together the events and incidents that youve describe and solidify the meaning they had to you. Editing After your draft, allow yourself time to realize improvements find and correct any errors, strengthen your focus if need be, and get feedback from another reader.Remember, this is your essay, making you your own best editor. No one can tell your story. Your words and ideas are the best way to go. Let it peaceful take a break from the work for a few long time before beginning an edit. Does your main idea come across clearly? Do you prove your points with specific details? Is your essay easy to read aloud? Seek feedback from someone you like and trust (but someone plausibly to be honest about your writing). Ask them to tell you what they think the essay is really about.Did they get it right or do you need to do another edit? Edit even more, making your language simple, localise and clear. This is a personal essay, not a term paper. Most colleges set word limits for each essay, so every word counts (say, now preferably of in todays society). Proof read at least two times before thinking that you are done. slipshod spelling or grammatical errors, awkward language, or fuzzy logic will make your essay memorable for all of the wrong reasons.

4 steps to writing about a poem Essay

1.About the poet, his concerns2.The apologue of the rime3.Theme idealises bush spiritedness4.Techiques (how)Paterson constrasts this beauty of the bush with the harsh, dirty life in the city and the effect this has on people.List a serial of visual images, using adjectives and adverbs with negative connotations my dingy little constituent and a stingy/Ray of sunlight struggle feebly downto a fault uses sound images to create an unpleasant mood and the ceaseless tramp of feet. translation of people in the city suggests they are greedy and uncaring of others. Conveyed by negative adjectives and internal rhyme with their eager eyes and greedy, and their stunted forms and weedy. detect more Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essayThe poem concludes with the fiber wishing he could exchange his city life in an office for a turn at droving but he relises Clancy would not campaign his city life. 4 steps to writing about a poem

“I know why the caged bird sings” Essay

After a childhood full of cruelties, disappointments, and being ransacked at the hands of her mothers boyfriend, Maya Angelou put outd and became the most important civil, human, and Womens Rights Activist. After her rape she was silent for 5 years, and only through the hike of her grandmother did she start to write and act. Her writings won her world panegyric and she was nominated for the National Book Award, a Tony Award and a Pulitzer Prize. She is indisputably atomic number 53 of the most influential women in history. Her numbers I know why the caged raspberry bush sings shows her grace and skill as a poet, and a humanitarian.I know why the caged shucks sings is a six stanza numbers. The poem has a very(prenominal) traditional structure. The first two stanzas are triplets, followed by a quatrain, then another triplet, and ends with a quatrain. It has a very simple exclusively effective verse line scheme. The triplet stanza has a AAB rhyme, and the quatrain stanzas ha ve a AAAB rhyme. This poem is lyrical and intense. The root words presented in this poem are of a freedom and persist over adversity (Arensberg 273). In stanza one Angelou describes how poultrys in the wild have unbound freedom.She writes leaps on the back of the wind dips his wings in the orange sunrays, (lines 1-3) about the free birds activities. Her words affect the senses, and the indorser feels the freedom the birds experience in flight. She brings nature and the outdoor elements to spiritedness and the audience is right there at play with the birds. Freedom abounds In stark contrast, the next stanza snaps the reader back from their dreamlike state. There are a series of very strong words that create a face of depression, and claustrophobia. Angelou explains the life of a caged bird.narrow cage, bars of rage, and wings clipped. (lines 3-6) These phrases create a sense of taking into custody and imprisonment. This evokes sympathy for the bird, and thoughts about if w e were also imprisoned (Arensberg 280). The reader begins to think what is life unfair and, why that bird? and further, why me? But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams, (line 14) the poem continues and yet the bird remedy sings. Angelou comments The caged bird still sings with a fearful trill of things unknown besides longed for still (lines 17-18) about the bird who displays the only freedom he has at present, his voice.capital of South Dakota Walker, in his 1995 article, comments that the bird still dreams, and he has the determination to overcome and withdraw the best of his situation. There is a single focus for Angelou use of beginning rhyme in this poem. She uses the s sound over and over again his ass shouts on a nightmare scream (line 15). The s sound creates the feeling of wind, the whispering of tree leaves, the bird is scared but he sings because he can. He cannot fight his nature. He will find freedom in any event he can, and for that bird it is his singing .The use of the rhyme scheme in the quatrain fortune of the poem is AAAB. The inflexibility of the first three lines in stanza 3 flaphillshrill create the perfect path to the true theme of this poem. When the reader expects another word to rhyme it doesnt, and the quatrain ends with freedom. The same is true for the tolerate stanza, which is a repeat of the first. Liliane Arensberg explains that the rhyme reminds the reader that there is always hope, there is always the will to survive and the promise at the end of the burrow of light (Arensberg 289) of freedom.I know why the cage bird sings by Maya Angelou is a very popular poem. Many people find excitement in her words, and find solace in the hope and determination that bird has. If he can sing, so can the reader. If he can survive so can you. We cannot always choose our lot in life, but we can make the best of it. We can reflect, find out talents, and piddle those to the world. Maya Angelou presents a very important messag e to the reader in the clay of a very lyrical almost song like poem by using strong imagery of a bird and its cage, the pursuit of freedom as a theme, a strong rhyme scheme, and alliteration.Angelou skill as an author cannot easily be missed and incomplete can her message that we must overcome misfortune and strife to sire what we were always meant to be.Works Cited Angelou, Maya. The Complete Collected Poems of Maya Angelou. 1st ed. New York hit-or-miss House, 1994. 101. Arensberg, Liliane K. Death as Metaphor of Self in I whop Why the Caged Bird Sings. College Language Association Journal 20 (1976) 273-91. Walker, capital of South Dakota A. Racial protest, identity, words and form in Maya Angelous I write out Why the Caged Bird Sings. . College Literature 1 Oct 1995. 23 Nov 2005 .

How to Write a Marketing Research Proposal

spirit 1 Determine why the inquiry is taking place. A mart research intent must explain the resolve of the research. The abstract at the ascendent of the proposal testament explain the goals of the research as well as any theories the research is attempting to prove. Step 2 Identify the information postulate for the research. Explain the type of research information that is necessary to serve the purpose identified in step one.For example, if the research is on television covering habits, one type of information needed is the kind of shows being watched as well as the audience that is watching. Different demographics often have dissimilar viewing habits, so identifying the information you need is a critical authority of the market research proposal. This information is a necessary component in the first third of the proposal. Step 3 Explain the research methods that go forth be used. You know what information is needed now detail how you will find it. Will you use a poll ?What other beat tools will you use? Step 4 Explain the live of the research. The cost is going to influence those making the decisions. Each recommendation you make should intromit a specific cost breakdown as well as a rating of the importance of that research tool in similitude to the others. For example, if you can obtain the same information through two antithetic methods, you should embroil cost, validity and reliability scales for decision-making. Step 5 Conclude the market research proposal with a summary and recommendation.While the bulk of the proposal should explore all options, the summation should include your recommendations and assessments of all the available options. 6. Step 6 Edit for structure. Be sure to format the market research proposal with an executive summary (abstract/introduction), background (information and research), and a definition of the research or the problem you seek to resolve with the research. Be sure to include objectives, research meth ods (how information will be gathered and analyzed) and method of reporting.

Chef Charlie Trotter

perception, and turned him into a food. Even though, with the help of his roommate, Chef observed a passion for cooking, he still graduated with a spot in Political Science. Obtaining a degree in Political Science didnt mean much anymore to Chef trotting horse, since he grew fond of cooking, so he went to further is education in the world of Culinary Arts. He went to groom an additional five years chasing his new prove dream. He worked and analyse in Chicago, Florida, Europe, and San Francisco where he attended California Culinary Academy.The more knowledge he gained the more his drive to become a chef grew stronger. In 1987 Chef trotting horse opened his first restaurant in Chicago which was simply called Charlie Trotters. This was his nearly famous restaurants, winning him many awards. For over two decades Charlie Trotters was known as the best fine dining experience not only in America but overly the world. He and his restaurants made Asian confederacy well known or some would say what it is today. Chef Trotter as well opened Trotters To Go.This was a blue end, ell known delicatessen and give shop in the heart of Chicago. His restaurants were known for beingness the best. He was the Midas Man, every place that bared his name was turned into gold. In 2008 he opened Restaurant Charlie and Bar Charlie both located in the bright lights of Alas Vegas and both were equally successful. Beyond his culinary status, Chef Trotter was also known for a giving heart. He was involved in many charities, one being his own which is called Charlie Trotter Culinary didactics Foundation.To gain support Chef would host weekly inner for high school students and underwritten annual fund-raising dinners for the foundations. Chef Trotter has been recognized in the culinary world. He has been awarded the James Bearded Outstanding chef award in 1999. He was also invited to the White House where President Bush and Colic Powell presented him with an award of being one out five heroes for his work in his foundation. All the awards were leading(p) to the biggest of them all, the induction of the Culinary Hall Of Fame in 2013. This made Chef Trotter the 57th inductee.Unfortunately, Chef was found dead, by his son Dylan, at his home in Lincoln Park, IL on November 5th 2013. After being rushed to hospital he was pronounced dead on arrival. The corner reports it was due to a stroke. His end saddened the culinary world but his life made the world proud. workings Cited Rosemary Regina Cobol, Jeremy Corner, Phil Vetted and Mark Carr, Tribune Reporters Star Chef. Com, Chef Charlie Trotter of Charlie Trotters Biography Worldviews. Org, Worlds Top 50 Restaurants 2007 Camp, David, Charlie Trotter, a Leader Left Behind